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Below is a short, partially annotated, list of important books and articles that raise key questions about ethnicity, race, class, gender, sexuality, nationality, and other aspects of culture in relation to new media and cyberspace. We have included early work (from the 1990s) that often exaggerated the pros and cons of digital culture, but remain important because they largely set the terms for debating the digital divide. And we have included more recent work that offers more complex analysis and more careful empirical study of what actually goes on in cyberspace(s). These works reflect a range of opinion and a diversity of viewpoints, but they all agree on the principle animating the Institute for Digital Diversity-- that cultural history and cultural context always matter in trying to understand the meanings and impacts of the World Wide Web and other aspects of a network computing society. We have not included works that are available on our Online Articles page, which should also be consulted. Arnold, Ellen L and Darcy Plymire. "The Cherokee Indians and the Internet," in David Gaunlet, ed. Web Studies. London: Arnold Press, 2002. Bell, David. An Introduction to Cybercultures. New York: Routledge, 2001. Bell, David, and Barbara M. Kennedy, eds. The Cybercultures Reader. New York: Routledge, 2000. Bray-Crawford, K. P. "The Ho'okele Netwarriors in the Liquid Continent," in women@internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace. London: Zed Books, 1999: 162-72. Burkhalter, Byron. “Reading Race Online: Discovering Racial Identities in Usenet Discussions,” Communities in Cyberspace. Ed. Marc Smith, and Peter Kollock. New York: Routledge, 1999. Carvin, A. “More than Just Access: Fitting Literary and Content into the Digital Divide Equation.” EDUCAUSE-Review (35(6) 2000: 38-47. Castells, Manuel. Information Age Volume 2: The Power of Identity. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1997. Cherny, Lynn and Elizabeth Reba Weise, eds. Wired Women: Gender and New Realities In Cyberspace. Seattle: Seal Press, 1996. Davis, T. and Terbian, M. “Shaping the Destiny of Native American People by Ending the Digital Divide.” EDUCAUSE-Review, 36(1) 2001: 38-46. Dunlap, Charles, and Rob Kling, eds. Computerization and Controversy. New York: Academic Press, 1991. Ebo, Bosah, ed. Cyberghetto or Cybertopia?: Race, Class and Gender on the Internet. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. Everett, Anna. "The Revolution will be Digitized: Afrocentricity and the Digital Public Sphere." Social Text 20.2 (2002) 125-146. Escobar, Arturo. "Welcome to cyberia: Notes on the anthropology of cyberculture." In Sardar, Z. and Ravetz, J. R. (eds) Cyberfutures: Culture and Politics on the Information Superhighway. New York: New York University Press, 111-137. Fair, R.S. "Becoming the White Man's Indian: An Examination of Native American Tribal Web Sites," Plains Anthropologist 45(172) 2000: 203-13. Flanagan, Mary and Austin Booth, ed. Reload: Rethinking Women and Cyberculture. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2006. Gauntlet, David, ed. Web Studies: Rewiring Media Studies for the Digital Age. London: Arnold Publishers, 2000, 2004. Gordon, Andrew C. et al. "Native American Technology Access: The Gates Foundation in Four Corners," Electronic Library 21(3) Haraway, Donna. "Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective." in Andrew Feenberg and Alastair Hannay, eds. Technology and the Politics of Knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana UP,1995, 175-194. Herman, Andrew, and Thomas Swiss, eds. 2000. The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory. New York: Routledge. Herring, Susan C. “Gender and Democracy in Computer-Mediated Communication,” Electronic Journal of Communications. 3.2, 1993. Holmes, David, ed. Virtual Politics: Identity and Community in Cyberspace. London: Sage, 1997.
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Kolko, Beth. “Cultural Considerations in Internet Policy and Design,” in David Silver ed, Critical Cyberbculture Studies. New York: NYU Press, 2006: 119-28.
Kolko, Beth E., Lisa Nakamura, and Gilbert B. Rodman, eds. Race in Cyberspace. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Excellent, wide-ranging overview collection.
Landzelius, Kyra, ed. Native on the Net: Indigenous and Diasporic Peoples in the Virtual Age. New York & London: Routledge, 2006.
Critical survey of Internet engagement by indigenous people from every continent. Raises key issues about "cultural sovereignty" in an era
promoting "universal access."
Margolis, Jane and Allan Fisher.Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.
Documents the many ways in which women, despite rapidly emerging as major users of the Internet, continue to face discriminatory barriers when entering technical production fields.
Mehra, Bharat. “An AR Manifesto for Cyberculture Power to ‘Marginalized’ Cultures of Difference," in David Silver ed. Critical Cyberbculture Studies. New York: NYU Press, 2006: 205-215.
Monroe, Barbara. Crossing the Digital Divide: Race, Writing, and Technology in the Classroom. NY: Teachers College Press, 2004.
Breakthrough empirical study of how students from different racial backgrounds approach cyberspaces very differently.
Morely, David, and Kevin Robbins. Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes, and Cultural Boundaries. New York: Routledge, 1995.
Morse, Margaret. Virtualities: Television, Media Art, and Cyberculture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Nakamura, Lisa.Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity and Identity on the Internet. New York: Routledge, 2001.
Pathbreaking text on how real world identities move online, and online identities return to the wider world.
Nelson, Alondra, and Thuy Lihn N. Tu, with Alicia Headlam Hines, eds. Technicolor: Race Technology, and Everyday Life. New York: New York University Press, 2001.
Locates issues of cyberculture in relation to other technologies and use in daily life.
Pinkett, Randal. “Bridging the Digital Divide: Sociocultural Constructionism and an Asset-Based Approach to Community Technology and Community Building.”. Paper presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA, April 24-28, 2000.
Poster, Mark. What’s the Matter With the Internet? Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
Very sophisticated, balanced and thoughtful analysis of what is new and what is not in networked computing cultures.
Roy, Loriene. and Daivd Raitt. eds. "The Impact of IT on Indigenous Peoples." special issue of Electronic Library 21(5) 2003.
Saco, Diana. Cybering Democracy: Public Space and the Internet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
Schon, Donald A., Bish Sanyal, and William J. Mitchell, eds. High Technology and Low-Income Communities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. (online version)
Excellent collection of essays on issues of access in relation to race and class.
Selfe, Cynthia L. Technology and Literacy in the Twenty-First Century. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois UP, 1999.
Selfe, Cythnia, and Gail Hawisher, eds. Literate Lives in the Information Age: Narratives of Literacy from the US. New Jersey: Earlbaum: 2004.
Shields, Rob, ed. Cultures of the Internet. London: Sage, 1996.
Useful collection that combines first person user narrative with sociological speculation on various online spaces: e-mail, chat rooms, MUDS, etc.
Silver, David and Adrienne Massanari. eds. Critical Cyberculture Studies. New York. NYU Press, 2006.
Excellent, varied collection of essays exemplifying the range of methods used to analyze the cultural impact of the Web, and other cybercultural spaces.
Smith, Marc, and Peter Kollock, eds. Communities in Cyberspace: Virtual Spaces, Real Histories, Live Bodies. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Stone, Allucquere Rosanne. The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
Classic study of potential for gender subversion via networked computing.
Trahant, Mark. "The Power of Stories:: Native Words and Images on the Internet," Native Americas 13(1) 1996: 15-21.
Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
Landmark early study of the formation on online identities.
Vaidhyanathan, Siva. The Anarachist in the Library. New York: Basic Books, 2004.
Excellent study of the struggle between opening up and diversifying, versus attempts by commerce and states to control and confine knowledge in the digital age.
Wresch. William C. Disconnected: Haves and Have-Nots in the Information Age. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996.
Zaremba, Alan.The Deepening Divide: Inequality in the Information Society.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006.
Argues convincingly that the digital divide continues to worsen, despite the rising number of users.
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